固定收益展望：等待減息的同時獲取進賬

¹資料來源：彭博，世界利率預測，2024年1月1日及2024年6月1日。恕不保證過往趨勢將會延續，或者預測將會實現。

²資料來源：彭博、歐盟統計局美國消費物價調和指數所有商品，於2024年3月31日（最新可得數據）。

³資料來源：紐約聯邦儲備銀行消費者預期調查（2024年4月），未來一年通脹預期，歐洲央行消費者預期調查（2024年4月），未來12個月通脹預期中位數。

⁴資料來源：《高工資會引發通脹嗎？》（Do higher wages cause inflation?），Magnus Jonnson及Stefan Palmqvist，瑞典國家銀行工作文件系列第159號，2004年4月，《勞工成本對通脹的影響有多大？》（How much do labour costs drive inflation?）Adam Shapiro，舊金山聯邦儲備銀行，2023年5月30日。

⁵資料來源：《精英足球守門員的行動偏見：十二碼案列》（Action bias among elite soccer goalkeepers: The case of penalty kicks），Bar-Li、Michael及Azar、Ofer H.及Ritov、Ilana及Keidar-Levin、Yaelr及Schein、Gailt，內蓋夫本古里安大學及以色列耶路撒冷希伯來大學（Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel）。

⁶資料來源：標普全球評級，法國評級從AA級降至AA-級，2024年5月31日。

3-Month US Treasury is U.S Treasury bill that will mature 3 months from the date of purchase.

10年期美國國庫券是一種美國國債，自購買日起10年到期。

ICE 美國銀行美國企業指數追蹤在美國國內市場公開發行的以美元計價的投資等級企業債券。

ICE 美國銀行美國高收益指數追蹤在美國國內市場公開發行的低於投資等級的美元計價的公司債券。

ICE 美國銀行美國按揭抵押證券指數追蹤美國機構房利美(Fannie Mae)、房地美(Freddie Mac) 和吉利美(Ginnie Mae) 在美國國內市場公開發行的以美元計價的固定利率抵押貸款傳遞證券。

ICE 美國銀行資產抵押證券和商業按揭抵押證券指數(ICE BofA US ABS and CMBS Index)追蹤在美國國內市場公開發行的以美元計價的投資等級固定和浮動利率資產抵押證券以及固定利率商業按揭抵押證券。

3 個月期德國國債是德國政府債券，自購買日起 3 個月後到期。

十年期德國國債是德國政府債券，自購買日起 10 年到期。

ICE 美國銀行歐元企業指數追蹤在歐元債券或歐元成員國國內市場公開發行的以歐元計價的投資等級企業債務。

ICE 美國銀行歐元高收益指數以歐元計價, 追蹤在歐元區內或歐洲債券市場公開發行的低於投資等級的企業債劵。

The Credit Suisse Western European Leveraged Loan Index is designed to mirror the investable universe of the Western European leverage loan market. Loans denominated in US%$ or Western European currencies are eligible for inclusion in the index.

Asset-Backed Securities (ABS): A financial security that is backed (or collateralised) with existing assets (such as loans, credit card debts or leases), usually ones that generate some form of income (cash flow) over time.

Cash flow: The net amount of cash and cash equivalents transferred in and out of a company. Or a general term for the movement of money from one account to another.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (CMBS) are fixed income investments backed by mortgages on commercial properties rather than residential real estate.

Core Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) Price Index is a measure of prices that people living in the US pay for goods and services, excluding food and energy. It is a measure of inflation.

Credit rating: A score given by a credit rating agency such as S&P Global Ratings, Moody’s and Fitch on the creditworthiness of a borrower. For example, S&P ranks investment grade bonds from the highest AAA down to BBB and high yields bonds from BB through B down to CCC in terms of declining quality and greater risk, i.e. CCC rated borrowers carry a greater risk of default.

信貸息差是指年期相若但信貸質素不同的證券的孳息率差距，息差擴大一般反映企業借款人的信譽惡化，而息差收窄則反映情況有所改善。

違約：債務人（例如債券發行人）未能在到期時支付利息或歸還原始貸款金額。

Fiscal policy: Describes government policy relating to setting tax rates and spending levels. Fiscal consolidation or discipline is when a government seeks to reduce its borrowing by spending less or raising taxes, fiscal easing or largesse is the opposite.

High yield bond: Also known as a sub-investment grade bond, or ‘junk’ bond. These bonds usually carry a higher risk of the issuer defaulting on their payments, so they are typically issued with a higher interest rate (coupon) to compensate for the additional risk.

Inflation: The rate at which prices of goods and services are rising in the economy. Core inflation typically excludes volatile items such as food and energy prices. A common measure for inflation is the Consumer Price Index (CPI).

Interest cover ratio: This ratio reflects how well a company can pay the interest due on outstanding debt. It is typically calculated by dividing a company’s earnings before interest and taxes by its interest expense during a given period.

Investment-grade bond: A bond typically issued by governments or companies perceived to have a relatively low risk of defaulting on their payments, reflected in the higher rating given to them by credit ratings agencies.

Leverage: This is a measure of the level of debt in a company. Net leverage is debt (minus cash and cash equivalents) as a ratio of earnings (typically before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation). A leveraged company is typically one with high borrowings.

Maturity: The maturity date of a bond is the date when the principal investment (and any final coupon) is paid to investors. Shorter-dated bonds generally mature within 5 years, medium-term bonds within 5 to 10 years, and longer-dated bonds after 10+ years.

Monetary policy refers to the policies of a central bank, aimed at influencing the level of inflation and growth in an economy. It includes controlling interest rates and the supply of money. Monetary loosening refers to central bank activity aimed at reinvigorating the economy by cutting interest rates.

Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS): A security which is secured (or backed) by a collection of mortgages. Investors receive periodic payments derived from the underlying mortgages, similar to the coupon on bonds.

經濟衰退：經濟活動顯著下降的現象持續超過幾個月。軟著陸是指可避免經濟衰退的經濟增長放緩。

Refinancing: The process of revising and replacing the terms of an existing borrowing agreement, including replacing debt with new borrowing before or at the time of the debt maturity.

U.S. Treasury securities are direct debt obligations issued by the U.S. Government. The investor is a creditor of the government. Treasury Bills and U.S. Government Bonds are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, are generally considered to be free of credit risk and typically carry lower yields than other securities.

Yield: The level of income on a security over a set period, typically expressed as a percentage rate. For equities, a common measure is the dividend yield, which divides recent dividend payments for each share by the share price. For a bond, at its most simple, this is calculated as the coupon payment divided by the current bond price.

Yield to worst (YTW) is the lowest yield a bond can achieve provided the issuer does not default and accounts for any applicable call feature (i.e., the issuer can call the bond back at a date specified in advance). At a portfolio level, this statistic represents the weighted average YTW for all the underlying issues.

Volatility measures risk using the dispersion of returns for a given investment. The rate and extent at which the price of a portfolio, security or index moves up and down.