Earlier this year, we stated that investors were not yet out of the woods with respect to economic or financial market risk. A few months on, the likelihood of a soft landing in most jurisdictions has increased. Central banks like the Federal Reserve (Fed) now face a dilemma: Should they cut too soon, inflation could stabilize at a higher-than-desired level; overly restrictive policy, on the other hand, could further weigh on economic activity, increasing the probability of a hard landing.

In light of a steady U.S. economy, the futures markets imply three 25 basis-point (bps) reductions this year compared to prior expectations of up to seven cuts. The bond market has been quicker to price this in than have equities, with yields across the curve markedly higher than they were at the onset of 2024. In contrast, stocks have moved from strength to strength. However, when excluding the handful of mega-cap U.S. names that have dominated markets, valuations appear closer to fair value. The same holds true for European equities, which could benefit from both imminent rate cuts and a bottoming of the cycle.

In a new twist, the likely policy path following a soft-landing scenario could increase the odds of a fiercer, rates-driven contraction down the road. And as evidenced by this year’s divergence between global sovereigns and equities, what’s already priced in should be an essential consideration when seeking to capture excess returns over the near- to mid-term.

The Economy: Delay does not mean never

With economic – and thus policy – trajectories diverging, it’s important to ask not only which asset classes to prioritize, but also where? In continuing the 2023 trend, the U.S., in our view, is still best in class in terms of economic growth. Consumption has remained strong as real wage growth – thanks to declining inflation – has taken the baton from pandemic-era excess savings. Furthermore, after a period of goods hording followed by revenge tourism, consumption has become more balanced, with both goods and services returning to trend. Strength in the latter category, however, is a contributor to wage-driven inflation, especially as the labor market remains relatively tight.

 In Europe, signs are emerging that a period of pronounced economic weakness may be turning. New orders in key regions are outpacing inventories, and German exports have picked up. The eurozone’s economy may soon get an assist in the form of rate cuts by the European Central Bank (ECB). This is made possible by a considerable decline in inflation, although that is partly due to weak consumption.

In Asia, as evidenced by the Bank of Japan recently stepping away from some of its policy accommodation, there is the possibility that the country is finally emerging from its multi-decade deflationary funk. While it’s not facing broad-based price declines, China appears to be moving in the opposite direction. Importantly, the lifeline of policy support that many expected from the central government has yet to arrive. The debt overhang concentrated in the country’s property sector and in municipal and provincial governments could mean that the favored stimulus channel of construction spending has run its course.

Inflation is on the retreat across nearly all major jurisdictions, meaning that we’ve almost certainly reached peak interest rates in this policy cycle. Despite the progress, many countries will find it more challenging to go from current levels to their inflation targets than it was to come off cycle peaks.

Sovereign Bonds: It all begins with rates

In any cycle, interest rates serve as both a barometer of and instrument for calibrating economic health. With the onset of rate cuts delayed, the consensus view that sovereign yields would inevitably decline has been upended. This is primarily due to U.S. resilience. Consequently, we have a neutral view toward global sovereigns and a negative tilt toward U.S. Treasuries.

The eurozone and UK are navigating the conflicting prospects of keeping rates at restrictive levels due to wage-driven inflation versus lowering them to offset sluggish growth. Should inflation continue to drift lower and the anticipated cyclical recovery prove slow, the eurozone will likely be in pole position for a rate cut among advanced economies. With that, we hold a neutral tilt toward the regions’ sovereign markets.

Credit: Narrow spreads but better than the alternative?

The delay in rate cuts that doused the rally in sovereigns did little to quell enthusiasm for corporate credits. We have less enthusiasm on U.S. investment-grade and high-yield issuance, but that’s premised on limited upside – due to full valuations – rather than any impending disaster. In fact, corporate balance sheets, in aggregate, are healthy, with interest costs as a percentage of operating profits at very low levels. The reason for this is astute management teams locking in low rates well into the future. As a result, default rates have yet to flash caution. It remains to be seen how companies navigate rolling over debt once they reach their maturity wall in what will likely be a period of higher financing costs.

Internationally, we have a more favorable view of European investment grade given the likelihood they will benefit from near inevitable cuts by the ECB. Despite nascent signs of hope that the European economy is finding its footing, flagging consumption can only cause us to justify a neutral tilt toward the region’s high-yield issuance.

Emerging market (EM) hard currency sovereigns are more difficult to judge. Investment-grade spreads are notably narrow while high-yield valuations appear more attractive. We do, however, maintain a cautious tilt toward local currency EM debt as the higher-for-longer rate scenario in the U.S. not only provides a safer alternative to these issuers, but also pressures EM currencies, diluting returns in U.S.-dollar and other hard currency terms.

Equities: Dispersed outcomes

It’s impossible to discuss equities without acknowledging the market’s narrowness thanks to the dominance of a handful of U.S.-domiciled mega-cap stocks. Looking exclusively through a valuation-based lens at market-cap weighted indices, a neutral tilt is all that global equities can presently muster. Peeling back the layers, however, we see pockets of opportunity but also areas where even more caution is merited.

We have little doubt that many large-cap U.S. stocks leveraged to secular themes like artificial intelligence (AI) are capable of compounding earnings over an extended period. However, in aggregate, corporate earnings in the U.S. may have already reached their cycle peak. With that tailwind removed and the additional one of falling rates – especially beneficial to growth stock valuations – delayed, the prospects for additional upside appear limited. An extended cycle, on the other hand, should benefit more cyclically oriented value stocks as their earnings runway is prolonged.

The recent affirmations that major central banks intend to cut rates over the rest of the year, despite above-target inflation and still-solid growth forecasts, bodes well for smaller companies. This segment of the equities market tends to be more leveraged than larger-cap peers, and the rise in interest rates has been painful, exacerbated by smaller companies’ higher exposure to floating-rate loans and shorter maturities.

However, a decrease in borrowing costs amid a resilient economy could lead to improving earnings. Furthermore, small-cap valuations look less demanding than those of large caps. There is meaningful implementation risk in this space, given the share of unprofitable companies in the small-cap benchmark has reached a higher-than-usual 40%, making security selection paramount. Midcaps show similar promise and provide generally better fundamentals due to their lower debt loads.

While it’s a big ask for U.S. stocks to beat earnings expectations at their cyclical peak, Europe has a better chance of exceeding its low bar of 2% growth for 2024. The cyclical nature of Europe, along with many other ex-U.S. economies, means that their companies’ earnings should benefit from an extended cycle, and in the case of the former, eventual rate cuts.

The (near) end of Japan’s decades-long experiment with accommodative policy should lead to a strengthening of the yen. That may seem incongruent with the Japanese currency reaching a 34-year low against the U.S. dollar, but on the other hand, the combination of such a low starting point and less policy rigidity could lead to currency appreciation. As a strengthening yen can act as a headwind for Japan’s export-oriented economy, we believe a neutral tilt toward Japanese stocks is merited.

Without a positive policy catalyst, our preferred tilt toward Chinese equities is negative. Elsewhere in emerging markets, an extended economic cycle may help earnings, but the longer the dollar is buttressed by 5.50% policy rates, the harder it will be for investors to justify a more than neutral tilt toward EM ex-China equities.

 

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Fixed income securities are subject to interest rate, inflation, credit and default risk.  The bond market is volatile. As interest rates rise, bond prices usually fall, and vice versa.  The return of principal is not guaranteed, and prices may decline if an issuer fails to make timely payments or its credit strength weakens.

Foreign securities are subject to additional risks including currency fluctuations, political and economic uncertainty, increased volatility, lower liquidity and differing financial and information reporting standards, all of which are magnified in emerging markets.

High-yield or “junk” bonds involve a greater risk of default and price volatility and can experience sudden and sharp price swings.

Smaller capitalization securities may be less stable and more susceptible to adverse developments, and may be more volatile and less liquid than larger capitalization securities.