Equity markets in Japan have been stuck in a low growth, deflationary macro environment for decades since the economic bubble burst in the early 1990s – but all this could be about to change, with potential for the property sector to be a key beneficiary.

What is supporting our positive view?  A confluence of favourable factors is at play. An accommodative central bank, that still has one eye on the rear-view deflationary mirror, and an eagerness by corporates to unlock the considerable value on balance sheets, which has been hidden for years and is now being realised through corporate reforms. This provides the almost perfect backdrop for a possible continuation of the strong performance that we have already seen from Japanese equities year-to-date in 2024.

A sustainable virtuous price-wage inflation cycle is key

For almost two years we have seen inflation in Japan hover around the 2% target level. Wage growth has returned and is running at the highest rate in decades. The crucial point in determining the sustainability of this turnaround and answering the “is it different this time?” question, is whether the virtuous cycle between price and wage inflation will continue. The government and corporate Japan are certainly keen to keep the party going. This requires companies to shift their focus away from cost cutting and hoarding cash, to driving revenue growth and increase domestic investments.

Corporate reforms are driving real change

Another area of excitement stems from corporate reform that began with ‘Abenomics’ more than a decade ago. We can see a continuation of this support in a wide range of measures and efforts.  Among these are the Tokyo Stock Exchange, which is putting pressure on companies to be better stewards of shareholder capital and improve disclosures, and regulatory changes in areas like mergers and acquisitions (M&A) to facilitate consolidation. Meanwhile, the role of activist investors is increasing. On the corporate front, businesses are beginning to refocus on the cost of capital and shareholder returns by setting return-on-equity (ROE) targets, selling non-core holdings and cross shareholdings, as well as increasing dividends and buybacks. Such companies have typically seen a positive impact on their share price performance, while those that have not adopted these measures are being left behind.

Through our interactions with Japanese real estate companies over the past decades, we sense a positive change in attitude and believe this will continue to improve over time. Indeed, we have begun to see some of these changes already with the recent release of companies’ medium-term (three to five years) management plans, including forecasts and guidance.

Potential for a strong turnaround story with supportive valuations

Japanese real estate is likely to be one of the key beneficiaries of the positive wage-price inflation cycle. Rising rates are well-anticipated by the market, with the 10-year JGB (Japanese Government Bond) yield recently hitting a 13-year high. Most investors expect that the Bank of Japan will increase rates gradually to ensure inflation is sustainable at these levels and that there remains a positive property yield spread (difference between property yield and bond yield); certainly much wider than other real estate markets globally to be able to absorb the higher rates.

In the listed space, valuations of real estate companies currently remain attractive and supportive of further re-rating over time, particularly for companies that have been focused on corporate reforms to deliver better shareholder returns.

Imperative to be selective

In our view, Japan is the most exciting region in Asian property right now.

This matters as Japan makes up almost half of the listed real estate investment universe in Asia. However, we believe it is crucial to remain selective as it will not likely be a case of a “rising tide lifts all boats”.

This is because not all sectors have the pricing power to increase rents due to different property dynamics and lease structures. Property fundamentals will continue to drive returns; those sectors with the strongest growth, like hotel, high street retail and residential, look well placed to benefit from strong inbound tourist demand and positive wage growth.

Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, not all companies are embracing corporate reforms and as a result, are missing out on the potential for multiple (valuation) re-rating. Investors should look to avoid these companies. Instead, they should look to companies with management teams who after many years of cajoling, are finally starting to embrace corporate reforms. This will allow them to unlock the treasure trove of hidden value that has up until recently, remained beyond the reach of shareholders.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

REITs or Real Estate Investment Trusts: invest in real estate, through direct ownership of property assets, property shares or mortgages. As they are listed on a stock exchange, REITs are usually highly liquid and trade like shares.

Real estate securities, including Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), are sensitive to changes in real estate values and rental income, property taxes, interest rates, tax and regulatory requirements, supply and demand, and the management skill and creditworthiness of the company. Additionally, REITs could fail to qualify for certain tax-benefits or registration exemptions which could produce adverse economic consequences.