Quick view: Unusual relative value in European CLOs – an opportunity?
Portfolio managers Denis Struc and Ian Bettney explore the supply and demand factors creating distortion in the pricing of European collateralised loan obligations (CLOs), setting out two relative value opportunities that have emerged.
4 minute read
Key takeaways:
- With supply exceptionally strong, longer-dated newly issued AAA CLOs are pricing cheaply relative to shorter-dated AAA bonds, which are trading at very tight spreads.
- Similarly, AA CLOs in the primary market look exceptionally cheap compared to A CLOs, particularly in the secondary market; in part due to idiosyncratic drivers of demand.
- For investors comfortable rotating into longer-dated bonds, these could constitute compelling relative value opportunities.
A steep credit curve emerges
2024 has been a scorching year for European CLO issuance, with around EUR€41 billion of gross new supply issued so far1 and it looks likely to be a post-GFC calendar year record for new CLO creation. Balanced with strong investor demand, this has seen CLO spreads move sideways in recent months, largely on this dynamic. However, a deeper dive into the valuations shows some pricing dislocations.
At first glance, spreads for the AAA-rated senior tranches appear tight at current levels, with secondary market spreads for mid-tenor2 AAA-rated CLO at around 100bps3 and certain short-dated securities trading inside of 80bps. By contrast, longer-dated new issue AAA CLO is typically pricing nearer to 130bps for top-tier CLO managers4. This steep term premium5 is a relatively uncommon phenomenon, with the CLO credit curve generally quite flat in benign market conditions. As shown in Figure 1, a sample of recent AAA CLO bids and offers6 evidence a pronounced upward slope to the curve – ie. long-term bonds are pricing with (unusually) wide spreads relative to short-term bonds.
Source: Bloomberg, Janus Henderson, 21 October 2024. Based on a sample of live bids and offers on this date for European AAA-rated CLOs. Curves are logarithmic based on this sample. Discount margin (DM) is the average expected return of a floating-rate security (typically a bond) that’s earned in addition to the index underlying, or reference rate of, the security.Supply dynamics distort spreads
To put some numbers to this, a AAA CLO spread of 85bps is screening exceptionally tight at around the 10th percentile relative to its range over the last 10 years, whereas 130bps4 for newly issued securities is just above the median average. All of this begs the question as to what is driving this yawning term premium: in short, the elevated supply of new issue CLOs has been generally issued with longer tenors, keeping those longer-dated spreads wider. Meanwhile, more risk averse investors have been happy to continue to pick up shorter-dated bonds, confident they will receive both their sliver of spread and principal back in the near term.
Given the relatively benign environment, with low corporate defaults, we think the long end of the CLO credit curve constitutes good value and could warrant taking on the additional spread duration7 for what are very high-quality bonds.
Looking down the capital stack, new issue AA CLOs are also pricing around historic 10-year median spread levels, at 200bps in the primary market. Simultaneously, short-dated A CLOs, a grade lower, are trading at similar levels in the secondary market. This is shown in Figure 2, which shows where spreads currently sit, relative to the past 10 years, with AA CLOs clearly trading cheaper.
Figure 2: AA and A CLO credit spread ranges – percentile rank vs history
Source: JP Morgan, Janus Henderson calculations, 31 October 2024. Based on a 10-year lookback of European AA and A-rated CLO spread levels.
Assessing relative value
From a relative value perspective then, A rated CLOs look very expensive compared to AAs. Indeed, the ability to buy AA rated bonds in the primary market near the same spread levels and cash price as A bonds in the secondary market (albeit for shorter profiles), we believe highlights some distortion in market pricing. Anecdotally, we are hearing there is significant demand from select North American investors for European A CLOs, which has driven its spreads materially tighter and compressed the spread basis between those two tranches.
While neither rotating into new issue AAA CLOs nor exchanging secondary A-rated bonds for AA in primary markets offer a ‘free lunch’, we think both fundamentals and the supply/demand dynamics remain supportive. Investors who can stomach the added spread duration risk could be well compensated.
Footnotes
1 Source: Morgan Stanley, 5 November 2024.
2 Around three years.
3 Source: JP Morgan, Janus Henderson, based on observed transactions, 31 October 2024.
4 Source: Janus Henderson based on observed supply, 31 October 2024.
5 The term premium is the additional credit spread, or compensation, received for buying longer bonds overshorter dated bonds.
6 The bid is the highest price an investor is willing to pay for a security. The offer is the lowest the seller (or issuer) is willing to sell the security for.
7 Spread duration is the sensitivity of a bond’s price to a move in its own credit spread. A “higher” spread duration means that the price of a bond is more sensitive to a move in credit spreads.
These are the views of the author at the time of publication and may differ from the views of other individuals/teams at Janus Henderson Investors. References made to individual securities do not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security, investment strategy or market sector, and should not be assumed to be profitable. Janus Henderson Investors, its affiliated advisor, or its employees, may have a position in the securities mentioned.
Past performance does not predict future returns. The value of an investment and the income from it can fall as well as rise and you may not get back the amount originally invested.
The information in this article does not qualify as an investment recommendation.
There is no guarantee that past trends will continue, or forecasts will be realised.
Marketing Communication.
Important information
Please read the following important information regarding funds related to this article.
- An issuer of a bond (or money market instrument) may become unable or unwilling to pay interest or repay capital to the Fund. If this happens or the market perceives this may happen, the value of the bond will fall.
- When interest rates rise (or fall), the prices of different securities will be affected differently. In particular, bond values generally fall when interest rates rise (or are expected to rise). This risk is typically greater the longer the maturity of a bond investment.
- The Fund invests in high yield (non-investment grade) bonds and while these generally offer higher rates of interest than investment grade bonds, they are more speculative and more sensitive to adverse changes in market conditions.
- Some bonds (callable bonds) allow their issuers the right to repay capital early or to extend the maturity. Issuers may exercise these rights when favourable to them and as a result the value of the Fund may be impacted.
- If a Fund has a high exposure to a particular country or geographical region it carries a higher level of risk than a Fund which is more broadly diversified.
- The Fund may use derivatives to help achieve its investment objective. This can result in leverage (higher levels of debt), which can magnify an investment outcome. Gains or losses to the Fund may therefore be greater than the cost of the derivative. Derivatives also introduce other risks, in particular, that a derivative counterparty may not meet its contractual obligations.
- When the Fund, or a share/unit class, seeks to mitigate exchange rate movements of a currency relative to the base currency (hedge), the hedging strategy itself may positively or negatively impact the value of the Fund due to differences in short-term interest rates between the currencies.
- Securities within the Fund could become hard to value or to sell at a desired time and price, especially in extreme market conditions when asset prices may be falling, increasing the risk of investment losses.
- The Fund may incur a higher level of transaction costs as a result of investing in less actively traded or less developed markets compared to a fund that invests in more active/developed markets.
- Some or all of the ongoing charges may be taken from capital, which may erode capital or reduce potential for capital growth.
- The Fund could lose money if a counterparty with which the Fund trades becomes unwilling or unable to meet its obligations, or as a result of failure or delay in operational processes or the failure of a third party provider.
- In addition to income, this share class may distribute realised and unrealised capital gains and original capital invested. Fees, charges and expenses are also deducted from capital. Both factors may result in capital erosion and reduced potential for capital growth. Investors should also note that distributions of this nature may be treated (and taxable) as income depending on local tax legislation.
Specific risks
4 minute read
Key takeaways:
- With supply exceptionally strong, longer-dated newly issued AAA CLOs are pricing cheaply relative to shorter-dated AAA bonds, which are trading at very tight spreads.
- Similarly, AA CLOs in the primary market look exceptionally cheap compared to A CLOs, particularly in the secondary market; in part due to idiosyncratic drivers of demand.
- For investors comfortable rotating into longer-dated bonds, these could constitute compelling relative value opportunities.
