Sustainable equity: Oil imbalance paves way for electric vehicle supply chain growth
Projected growth in electric vehicle (EV) fleets is expected to contribute to a halt in oil demand growth by the decade's end. Hamish Chamberlayne explores the impact on the oil market and bolstered investment opportunities within EV supply chains.
6 minute read
Key takeaways:
- Despite the temporary slowdown in EV sales, the global fleet is forecast to grow sufficiently to become a key contributing factor to oil demand growth stopping by the end of the decade.
- The oil market supply-demand imbalance will likely be exacerbated by oversupply which could cap the commodity’s price and create a positive narrative for the electrification of transportation.
- This lays the foundation for a strong recovery in EV sales as lower cost models are launched, with the broader supply chain set to benefit from the increasing electrification of cars.
Despite a momentary dip in electric vehicle (EV) sales, projections indicate a significant increase in the overall fleet size to a level expected to contribute to a halt in the growth in oil demand by the end of this decade. This anticipated shift is likely to coincide with a considerable rise in oil supply, which would create an imbalance in the oil market, support the electrification of transportation, and lead to investment opportunities within the wider EV supply chain. The lull in sales, coupled with the excitement around artificial intelligence (AI), has certainly taken the spotlight away from EVs but we see it as offering meaningful long-term opportunities in the sustainable equity investing space.
EV sales blip
According to the BloombergNEF (BNEF) annual Electric Vehicle Outlook (EVO), EV sales projections have been reduced by 6.7 million through 2026. Further, the EVO report noted that while the demand deceleration isn’t universal across countries1 – and EVs will be supported slightly by the resurgence of plug-in hybrids (PHEV) – only a few Nordic countries (Norway and Sweden)2 and the state of California are on pace to eliminate passenger vehicle fleet emissions by 2050.
BNEF analysts noted that some markets are experiencing a “significant slowdown” and many automakers have pushed back their EV targets as a result, with the window for achieving net-zero emissions in road transport “closing quickly”.
However, despite the slowdown in EV sales, overall, the industry appears to be on track to deliver sustained fleet growth. In fact, six of the 10 largest EV carmakers in the US have seen sales increase between 56% (Hyundai-Kia) to 86% at Ford.3
General Motors seems poised to lead the surge in EV expansion in the US, with the Detroit-based carmaker having pledged to electrify several of its major models. This lineup includes an Equinox SUV priced at US$35,000 and its counterpart, the Blazer (US34,500), in addition to the Silverado (US$96,495) and GMC Sierra (US$ 99,495) electric trucks.
Helping to fuel such growth, EVs can be more affordable than Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles over their lifetime due to lower fuel and maintenance costs with fewer engine parts to go wrong.4 The different power train of an EV has advantages that can offset higher upfront costs.5 A 2018 University of Michigan study found that the average cost to fuel an electric car was US$485 a year, compared to US$1,117 for a gas-powered vehicle. Additionally, as production volumes increase, and battery technologies mature, prices are likely to equalise with ICE vehicles.6
Oil imbalance
The forecast growth in EV sales could ensure that oil demand growth stops by the end of the decade, with the oil market imbalance exacerbated further by a surprising amount of supply growth.
According to the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) annual medium-term outlook, global consumption will “level off” at 105.6 million barrels per day – 4% higher than last year’s level – due to rising EV sales, and improved fuel efficiency.7
Running parallel to this, the IEA noted that oil production capacity continues to climb, with supply rising by a “staggering” eight million barrels per day higher than demand by 2030. This may leave global oil supply with the largest level of spare output since the Covid-19 lockdowns, the IEA added.
The IEA report noted that as the pandemic rebound loses steam, clean energy transitions advance, and the structure of China’s economy shifts, growth in global oil demand is slowing down, with rising oil supplies potentially weighing on prices through the end of the decade.
Global oil demand is projected to increase over the next few years, according to the IEA, with an anticipated growth of approximately 4 million barrels daily by the decade’s end. This rise is attributed to economic growth in countries like India and China, alongside increased consumption by the aviation and petrochemical sectors.
However, in developed nations, the consumption of oil is expected to continue its long-term downward trend, decreasing from last year’s 46 million barrels per day to 43 million by 2030 — marking the lowest consumption level since 1991. The report also suggests that oil demand in China will level off by the decade’s end, reaching around 18 million barrels daily. Further, a broadening of carbon-related taxes is expected, with emerging market economies, including China, looking to expand their respective national carbon markets.8 If carbon prices rise as a result, oil prices could become relatively more expensive over time than electricity per mile travelled.9
Riding the electrification wave
These prevailing and converging trends offer a supportive narrative for sustainable investing, particularly within the broader EV supply chain, including mining, automotive technology suppliers, battery manufacturers, and semiconductors and system solutions providers, among others.
Suppliers are also set to benefit from the increasing electrification of cars in general – i.e. combustion engine cars having more electric technology to make them more fuel efficient. Put simply, as electrification increases so too does the demand on suppliers’ products.
A significant transition is happening in the realm of EVs, with 31 nations having exceeded a critical threshold: the point at which EVs constitute 5% of new car sales.10 Crossing this milestone indicates the beginning of widespread acceptance, a phase after which there tends to be a swift shift in technological preferences towards EVs, which could potentially benefit automakers and their suppliers, including companies such as TE Connectivity, Aptiv, Texas Instruments, and Infineon, among others.
Electrification is a key theme for investors to consider and one that is at the heart our approach to sustainable investing. It is also part of a broader investment theme that we call the digitalisation, electrification, and decarbonisation (DED) nexus. This theme is in action across all parts of the global economy since we need to electrify and digitise in order to decarbonise.
While we haven’t invested in many EV manufacturers, as we see that market as being quite a crowded space with a lot of competition with many incumbents sitting alongside new entrants, we do see many interesting opportunities for investors in the value chain – the companies making the enabling technologies. Here we see attractive valuations and long-term secular growth trends that mirror those seen within areas of high performance, such as computing and AI. For these reasons, we have maintained our exposure to the broader EV value chain and remain excited about investment opportunities in this area of the market.
1Bloomberg, ‘EV Slowdown Steers the World Further Off Course From Net Zero’
2Nordic Net Zero, The Green Business Opportunity (April 2022)
3Bloomberg, ‘Slowdown in US Electric Vehicle Sales Looks More Like a Blip’
4Milken Institute Review, ‘The Not-So Certain Economics of Electric Vehicles’
5World Bank, ‘Electric Vehicles: An Economic and Environmental Win for Developing Countries’
6University of Michigan, ‘Relative Costs of Driving Electric and Gasoline Vehicles in the Individual US States’ (January 2018)
7International Energy Agency, Medium-term outlook (June 2024)
8Caixin Global, ‘In Depth: China’s Push to Expand Its Carbon Market’
9National Bureau of Economic Research, ‘The Economics of Electric Vehicles’
10Bloomberg, ‘Electric Cars Pass Mass Adoption Tipping Point in 31 Countries’
Emerging market: The economy of a developing country that is transitioning to become more integrated with the global economy. This can include making progress in areas such as depth and access to bond and equity markets and development of modern financial and regulatory institutions.
Net zero: A state in which greenhouse gases, such as Carbon Dioxide (C02) that contribute to global warming, going into the atmosphere are balanced by their removal out of the atmosphere.
References made to individual securities do not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security, investment strategy or market sector, and should not be assumed to be profitable. Janus Henderson Investors, its affiliated advisor, or its employees, may have a position in the securities mentioned.
There is no guarantee that past trends will continue, or forecasts will be realised. Past performance does not predict future returns.
These are the views of the author at the time of publication and may differ from the views of other individuals/teams at Janus Henderson Investors. References made to individual securities do not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security, investment strategy or market sector, and should not be assumed to be profitable. Janus Henderson Investors, its affiliated advisor, or its employees, may have a position in the securities mentioned.
Past performance does not predict future returns. The value of an investment and the income from it can fall as well as rise and you may not get back the amount originally invested.
The information in this article does not qualify as an investment recommendation.
There is no guarantee that past trends will continue, or forecasts will be realised.
Marketing Communication.
Important information
Please read the following important information regarding funds related to this article.
- Shares/Units can lose value rapidly, and typically involve higher risks than bonds or money market instruments. The value of your investment may fall as a result.
- Shares of small and mid-size companies can be more volatile than shares of larger companies, and at times it may be difficult to value or to sell shares at desired times and prices, increasing the risk of losses.
- If a Fund has a high exposure to a particular country or geographical region it carries a higher level of risk than a Fund which is more broadly diversified.
- This Fund may have a particularly concentrated portfolio relative to its investment universe or other funds in its sector. An adverse event impacting even a small number of holdings could create significant volatility or losses for the Fund.
- The Fund follows a sustainable investment approach, which may cause it to be overweight and/or underweight in certain sectors and thus perform differently than funds that have a similar objective but which do not integrate sustainable investment criteria when selecting securities.
- The Fund may use derivatives with the aim of reducing risk or managing the portfolio more efficiently. However this introduces other risks, in particular, that a derivative counterparty may not meet its contractual obligations.
- If the Fund holds assets in currencies other than the base currency of the Fund, or you invest in a share/unit class of a different currency to the Fund (unless hedged, i.e. mitigated by taking an offsetting position in a related security), the value of your investment may be impacted by changes in exchange rates.
- When the Fund, or a share/unit class, seeks to mitigate exchange rate movements of a currency relative to the base currency (hedge), the hedging strategy itself may positively or negatively impact the value of the Fund due to differences in short-term interest rates between the currencies.
- Securities within the Fund could become hard to value or to sell at a desired time and price, especially in extreme market conditions when asset prices may be falling, increasing the risk of investment losses.
- The Fund could lose money if a counterparty with which the Fund trades becomes unwilling or unable to meet its obligations, or as a result of failure or delay in operational processes or the failure of a third party provider.
Specific risks
- Shares/Units can lose value rapidly, and typically involve higher risks than bonds or money market instruments. The value of your investment may fall as a result.
- Shares of small and mid-size companies can be more volatile than shares of larger companies, and at times it may be difficult to value or to sell shares at desired times and prices, increasing the risk of losses.
- The Fund follows a sustainable investment approach, which may cause it to be overweight and/or underweight in certain sectors and thus perform differently than funds that have a similar objective but which do not integrate sustainable investment criteria when selecting securities.
- The Fund may use derivatives with the aim of reducing risk or managing the portfolio more efficiently. However this introduces other risks, in particular, that a derivative counterparty may not meet its contractual obligations.
- If the Fund holds assets in currencies other than the base currency of the Fund, or you invest in a share/unit class of a different currency to the Fund (unless hedged, i.e. mitigated by taking an offsetting position in a related security), the value of your investment may be impacted by changes in exchange rates.
- When the Fund, or a share/unit class, seeks to mitigate exchange rate movements of a currency relative to the base currency (hedge), the hedging strategy itself may positively or negatively impact the value of the Fund due to differences in short-term interest rates between the currencies.
- Securities within the Fund could become hard to value or to sell at a desired time and price, especially in extreme market conditions when asset prices may be falling, increasing the risk of investment losses.
- The Fund could lose money if a counterparty with which the Fund trades becomes unwilling or unable to meet its obligations, or as a result of failure or delay in operational processes or the failure of a third party provider.
- The Fund follows a growth investment style that creates a bias towards certain types of companies. This may result in the Fund significantly underperforming or outperforming the wider market.
Specific risks
6 minute read
Key takeaways:
- Despite the temporary slowdown in EV sales, the global fleet is forecast to grow sufficiently to become a key contributing factor to oil demand growth stopping by the end of the decade.
- The oil market supply-demand imbalance will likely be exacerbated by oversupply which could cap the commodity’s price and create a positive narrative for the electrification of transportation.
- This lays the foundation for a strong recovery in EV sales as lower cost models are launched, with the broader supply chain set to benefit from the increasing electrification of cars.